Pencil Basics
https://sites.google.com/site/ibdpphysics101/internal-assessment/more-ia-ideas
Pencils have specific numbers that indicate hardness or softness ranging from 6B (softest), 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B, B, HB, F, H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H, 8H, 9H (hardest).
Pencils use the letters H and B as classifications of different 'hardness' and 'blackness', respectively. The H pencils are known for creating light lines, and B pencils create dark lines. There is also a F pencil, which is in between H and B. HB is neither dark or light. The higher the B or H number, the darker or lighter the tone. Therefore, 8B is very dark, and 8H is very light. H pencils, due to their hardness, tend to not blend as well as B pencils, http://study.com/academy/lesson/pencil-art-style-examples.html
Technique
Line Quality
Line Quality refers to the expressive quality, descriptive nature or visual appearance of a line. It adds interest helping the artist communicate his message. Words used to describe line quality include dashed, thick, thin, dark, light, and sketchy. Lines that vary in thickness are called calligraphic or accent lines. These lines have an elegant quality and are dynamic. Calligraphic lines can be created with a pencil by varying the amount of pressure on the paper as the line is drawn.
Types of Pencils:
Charcoal Pencil: pencil contains willow charcoal; 4 degrees of hardness: HB, 2B, 4B, 6B, and white
Colored Pencil: Thick, soft leads of light-resistant pigments; colors blend well
Drawing Pencil: wood-cased graphite pencil for professional drawing, design, and drafting
Ebony Layout Pencil: Thick black line, graphite lead; good for layout roughs
Flat Lead Sketching Pencil: Good for thick/thin lettering or for laying in backgrounds
Graphite Pencil: Compressed graphite in most drawing pencils; available in powder or stick form
Mechanical Pencil: Varying line widths available
Pastel Pencil: The same pigment-rich pastels used in conte crayon are available in pencils
Watercolor Pencil: Good for shading on dry paper, then blend with water; or work on wetted paper
Woodless Drawing Pencil: Lacquer-coated solid stick of graphite
Writing Pencil: Standard #2 pencil for general student use
Pencils use the letters H and B as classifications of different 'hardness' and 'blackness', respectively. The H pencils are known for creating light lines, and B pencils create dark lines. There is also a F pencil, which is in between H and B. HB is neither dark or light. The higher the B or H number, the darker or lighter the tone. Therefore, 8B is very dark, and 8H is very light. H pencils, due to their hardness, tend to not blend as well as B pencils, http://study.com/academy/lesson/pencil-art-style-examples.html
Technique
Line Quality
Line Quality refers to the expressive quality, descriptive nature or visual appearance of a line. It adds interest helping the artist communicate his message. Words used to describe line quality include dashed, thick, thin, dark, light, and sketchy. Lines that vary in thickness are called calligraphic or accent lines. These lines have an elegant quality and are dynamic. Calligraphic lines can be created with a pencil by varying the amount of pressure on the paper as the line is drawn.
Types of Pencils:
Charcoal Pencil: pencil contains willow charcoal; 4 degrees of hardness: HB, 2B, 4B, 6B, and white
Colored Pencil: Thick, soft leads of light-resistant pigments; colors blend well
Drawing Pencil: wood-cased graphite pencil for professional drawing, design, and drafting
Ebony Layout Pencil: Thick black line, graphite lead; good for layout roughs
Flat Lead Sketching Pencil: Good for thick/thin lettering or for laying in backgrounds
Graphite Pencil: Compressed graphite in most drawing pencils; available in powder or stick form
Mechanical Pencil: Varying line widths available
Pastel Pencil: The same pigment-rich pastels used in conte crayon are available in pencils
Watercolor Pencil: Good for shading on dry paper, then blend with water; or work on wetted paper
Woodless Drawing Pencil: Lacquer-coated solid stick of graphite
Writing Pencil: Standard #2 pencil for general student use
Types of Shading
Value
Having a wide range of values a work improves the form and depth creating a more 3 dimensional appearance. Even great drawings can be diminished when the shading has a limited value range. |
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Do's and Don'ts
Websites
Line Drawing Basics
Hyper Realistic Pencil Drawings
How to Shade
The Complete Book of Drawing (online book)
Pencil Drawing a Beginner's Guide (online book)
- Draw initial sketch lightly
- Avoid dark outlines for a realistic artwork
- Take time to observe proportions, values, perspective, and overall shapes so that your drawing is accurate
- Protect the paper from smudging by using a scrap piece of paper under your hand
- Remember values will look darker or lighter depending on the values that surround them
- Have areas of strong contrast
- Develop an awareness of your light source and be consistent with highlight and shadow placement
- Put highlights and shadows on each object
- Build up layers gradually reaching the darkest value
- Start light so mistakes can be erased, even in darker areas
- Grade out your values
- Draw a variety of objects, try unique viewpoints, include everyday/overlooked items, be expressive
Websites
Line Drawing Basics
Hyper Realistic Pencil Drawings
How to Shade
The Complete Book of Drawing (online book)
Pencil Drawing a Beginner's Guide (online book)
Eraser Basics
Art gum Eraser: Pure gum rubber eraser, usually comes in 1-inch squares
Kneaded Rubber Eraser: Soft gray eraser that kneads into any shape; for highlighting and removing chalks, charcoal, pastels, and pencil Vinyl Eraser: Nonabrasive for erasing drafting films, tracing paper, acetates, and drawing paper Pink Pearl Eraser: Standard soft, pliable, non-smudging, self-cleaning eraser; ideal for pencil; also comes in stick form Retractable Easer Holder and Refills: Accommodates a vinyl eraser “If I could have it my own way I would have confined myself entirely to black and white” – Edgar Degas |
ERASER TYPES https://watercolorpainting.com/drawing-materials/
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